Rev Med UAS
Rev Med UAS; Vol. 14 No. 4. Octubre-Diciembre 2024
ISSN 2007-8013

Efectos de los trasplantes renales en la calidad de vida a corto y largo plazo: una revisión sistemática

Effects of kidney transplants on quality of life in the short and long term: a systematic review

Sergio Quiroz-Gomez1*, Daniela Sequera-Sánchez2, Brissa Fernanda Fuentes-Manzo3.

  1. División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Av. Gregorio Méndez 2838-A Col. Tamulté, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-8283
  2. División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Av. Gregorio Méndez 2838-A Col. Tamulté, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3364-6592
  3. División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Av. Gregorio Méndez 2838-A Col. Tamulté, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2453-2388

*Autor de correspondencia:Sergio Quiroz-Gomez
División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.
Av. Gregorio Méndez 2838-A Col. Tamulté, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México.
E-mail: sergio.quiroz@ujat.mx

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v14.n4.006

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 07 de agosto 2024, aceptado 30 de septiembre 2024

RESUMEN
La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) afecta al 11% de los adultos, representando un problema importante de salud pública. El trasplante renal es una intervención efectiva que mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en estos pacientes. Este estudio revisa la CVRS en receptores de trasplante a corto plazo (menos de 12 meses) y a largo plazo (más de 12 meses), identificando factores clave que afectan su adaptación.
Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, se analizaron estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024, seleccionando 33 artículos relevantes. Las herramientas SF-36 y KDQOL-36 fueron las más empleadas para medir CVRS. Los resultados indican mejoras significativas en la CVRS durante los primeros tres meses post-trasplante, especialmente en funcionamiento físico y vitalidad, que tienden a estabilizarse o mejorar ligeramente a lo largo del primer año. A largo plazo, la CVRS generalmente se mantiene o sigue mejorando.
Factores como edad, género, nivel educativo y tipo de donante influyeron en la CVRS, aunque síntomas como fatiga y dolor crónico persisten en algunos pacientes, subrayando la necesidad de soporte prolongado.
Este análisis resalta la importancia de estrategias personalizadas de rehabilitación y apoyo para optimizar la CVRS en personas trasplantadas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al conocimiento del impacto del trasplante renal y apoyan el desarrollo de prácticas clínicas orientadas a maximizar el bienestar de los pacientes a lo largo de su recuperación.
Palabras clave: Calidad de vida, Trasplante renal, Enfermedad Renal Crónica.

ABSTRACT
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 11% of adults, representing a significant public health concern. Renal transplantation represents an efficacious intervention that enhances health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these patients. This study examines the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of short-term (less than 12 months) and long-term (more than 12 months) transplant recipients, identifying the key factors influencing their adjustment.
In accordance with the PRISMA methodology, we conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2019 and 2024, identifying 33 relevant articles for analysis. The SF-36 and KDQOL-36 instruments were the most frequently utilized to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in HRQoL during the initial three-month post-transplant period, particularly in physical functioning and vitality, which tend to exhibit a slight stabilization or improvement over the first year. In the long term, HRQOL is typically maintained or continues to improve.
Factors such as age, gender, educational level, and donor type were found to influence HRQoL. However, it is notable that symptoms such as fatigue and chronic pain persist in some patients, underscoring the need for prolonged support.
This analysis underscores the necessity of personalized rehabilitation and support strategies to optimize health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in transplant recipients. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of kidney transplantation and support the development of clinical practices aimed at maximizing patients' well-being throughout their recovery.
Keywords: Quality of life, Kidney transplant, Chronic Kidney Disease.

Referencias

  1. Feng RS, Gonza KH, Sánchez SM, Chaves DZ, López JZ, Muñoz ÁH. Enfermedad renal crónica. Rev Clin Esc Med Univ Costa Rica 2021;10(4):58-66.
  2. 2. Sitjar-Suñer M, Suñer-Soler R, Masià-Plana A, Chirveches-Pérez E, Bertran-Noguer C, Fuentes-Pumarola C. Quality of Life and Social Support of People on Peritoneal Dialysis: Mixed Methods Research. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4240.
  3. Gorostidi M, Sánchez-Martínez M, Ruilope LM, Graciani A, de la Cruz JJ, Santamaría R, et al. Prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica en España: impacto de la acumulación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Nefrología 2018;38(6):606-615.
  4. Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet 2017;389(10075):1238-1252.
  5. Costa-Requena G, Cantarell MC, Moreso F, Parramon G, Seron D. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en el trasplante renal: seguimiento longitudinal a 2 años. Med Clin (Barc) 2017;149(3):114-118.
  6. Canche AA, Bogetti SM, Rodríguez WF. Calidad de vida en pacientes con trasplante renal y hepático. Acta Med 2012;10(3):117-123.
  7. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021;74(9):790-799.
  8. Mousavi-Roknabadi RS, Ershadi F, Hadi N, Shahroodi JR, Shayan Z, Keshavarz S, et al. Effect of renal transplantation on health-related quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease: A quasi-experimental study. Nephrourol Mon 2019;11(2):e79497.
  9. Purnajo I, Beaumont JL, Polinsky M, Alemao E, Everly MJ. Trajectories of health-related quality of life among renal transplant patients associated with graft failure and symptom distress: Analysis of the BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT trials. Am J Transplant 2020;20(6): 1650-1658.
  10. Gil AP, Lunardi AC, Santana FR, Bergamim JSSP, Sarmento LA, Cristelli MP, et al. Impact of renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy on muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life: A longitudinal study. Transplant Proc 2020;52(5):1279-1283.
  11. Peipert JD, Caicedo JC, Friedewald JJ, Abecassis MMI, Cella D, Ladner DP, et al. Trends and predictors of multidimensional health-related quality of life after living donor kidney transplantation. Qual Life Res 2020;29(9):2355-2374.
  12. Usmanova D, Alimov U, Daminov B, Ibragimov A. The influence of the time factor and marital status on the quality of life of patients after kidney transplantation in Uzbekistan. Int J Biomed 2024;14(1):36-40.
  13. Aasebø W, Svensson M, Jenssen T, Eide IA. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and quality of life after kidney transplant. Transplant Proc 2019;51(2):466-469.
  14. Pati N, Roy G. Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and problems faced by kidney transplant patients attending in selected nephrology OPD, West Bengal. Indian J Appl Res 2022;14-15.
  15. Dweib K, Jumaa S, Khdour M, Hallak H. Quality of life for kidney transplant Palestinian patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2020;31(2):473-481.
  16. Thapa S, Basnet B, Mahato N, Devkota A, KC T. A Status of Health-related Quality of Life of Renal Recipients at a Transplant Center in Kathmandu. JKAHS. 2021;4(2).
  17. Robiner WN, Petrik ML, Flaherty N, Fossum TA, Freese RL, Nevins TE. Depression, quantified medication adherence, and quality of life in renal transplant candidates and recipients. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021;29(1):168-184.
  18. Attiq H, Tariq A, Manzoor A, Bacani N, James M, Samour O, et al. Health-related quality of life among ESRD patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients: A comparative study. Eur J Med Health Sci 2023;5(1):44-48.
  19. Ziengs AL, Buunk AM, van Sonderen L, Eisenga MF, Gomes Neto AW, Annema C, et al. Long-term cognitive impairments in kidney transplant recipients: impact on participation and quality of life. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(2):491-498
  20. Sarhan AL, Jarareh RH, Shraim M. Quality of life for kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients in Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2021;22(1):1-10.
  21. Noor SAK, Edwin M. Analysis of quality of life in kidney transplant recipients. IAIM 2021; 8(3): 27-30.
  22. Knobbe TJ, Kremer D, Abma FI, Annema C, Berger SP, Navis GJ, et al. Employment status and work functioning among kidney transplant recipients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022;17(10):1506-1514.
  23. Hwang Y, Kim M, Min K. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients in Korea. PLOS ONE 2021;16(3): e0247934.
  24. Ali H, Soliman K, Mohamed MM, Rahman M, Herberth J, Fülöp T, et al. Impact of kidney transplantation on functional status. Ann Med 2021;53(1):1303-1309.
  25. Abu Zead MM, Ismail LMN, El-khashab SO. Gender disparity among renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. J Nurs Educ Pract 2021;11(5):68-78.
  26. Du CY, Wu SS, Fu YX, Wang H, Zhao J, Liu HX. Transplant-related Symptom Clusters in Renal Transplant Recipients. Clin Nurs Res. 2021;30(3):343-350.
  27. Oduncuoğlu BF, Alaaddinoğlu EE, Çolak T, Akdur A, Haberal M. Effects of Renal Transplantation and Hemodialysis on Patient's General Health Perception and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Transplant Proc. 2020;52(3):785-792.
  28. Adeeb H, Ullah I, Amin R. Socio-demographic factors affecting health-related-quality of life in post-renal-transplant patients. J Health Sci Med Res 2023;41(5):2023955.
  29. Son PM, Thuan VH, Xim VT, Minh TQ, Anh NT. Quality of life and associated factors among kidney transplant patients in Cho Ray Hospital. TNU J Sci Technol 2024;229(05):27-34.
  30. Rocha FL, Echevarría-Guanilo ME, Silva DMGV, Gonçalves N, Lopes SGR, Boell JEW, et al. Relationship between quality of life, self-esteem and depression in people after kidney transplantation. Rev Bras Enferm 2020;73(1):e20180245.
  31. Ryu JH, Koo TY, Ro H, Cho JH, Kim MG, et al. Better health-related quality of life in kidney transplant patients compared to chronic kidney disease patients with similar renal function. PLOS ONE 2021;16(10): e0257981.
  32. Mallick NK, Hassan A, Bhatti RSS, Rafique D, Jaffery AR, Sharif I, et al. Quality of Life of Post-renal Transplant Patients in Rawalpindi. Cureus 2022;14(12):e33083.
  33. El-Agroudy AE, Taher AA, Alshehabi KM, Alalwan AA, Arekat MR. Quality of Life among Renal Transplant Recipients in Bahrain: A Single-Center Experience. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2021;32(3):774-785.
  34. Fard Azar FE, Solhi M, Habibi Soola A, Amani F. Quality of life and its related factors in kidney transplant recipients. AmazInv. 2019;8(21):449-459.
  35. Milaniak I, Rużyczka EW, Dębska G, Król B, Wierzbicki K, Tomaszek L et al. Level of life quality in heart and kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter study. Transplant Proc 2020;52(7):2081–2086.
  36. Giri A, Sadasukhi N, Sadasukhi TC, Gupta M, Gupta H, Sharma A, et al. Health-related quality of life with emotional and behavioral outcomes in renal transplant recipients: A study from a tertiary center in north India. Indian J Transplant. 2023;17(3):301–309.
  37. Dorji C, Tobgay T, Na-Bangchang K. The factors affecting the HRQOL of kidney transplant recipients in the land of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan - A cross-sectional study. Res Sq. 2023.
  38. Veltkamp DMJ, Wang Y, Meuleman Y, Dekker FW, Michels WM, Van der Boog PJM, et al. Age and gender differences in symptom experience and health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(7):1707–1718.
  39. Scheel J, Schieber K, Reber S, Jank S, Eckardt K-U, Grundmann F, et al. Psychological processing of a kidney transplantation, perceived quality of life, and immunosuppressant medication adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019; 13:775–82.
  40. Giral M, Grimbert P, Morin B, Bouvier N, Buchler M, Dantal J, et al. Impact of Switching From Immediate- or Prolonged-Release to Once-Daily Extended-Release Tacrolimus (LCPT) on Tremor in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Observational ELIT Study. Transpl Int 2024;37:11571.