Rev Med UAS
Vol. 13: No. 4. Octubre-Diciembre 2023
ISSN 2007-8013

Variantes genéticas asociadas con la enfermedad de Parkinson en población mexicana

Genetic variants associated with Parkinson's disease in Mexican population

Juan Pablo Meza-Espinoza1*, Víctor René De la Cruz-Arias2, Noé Enríquez-Ramírez2, Julio César López-Obregón2, Evelia Leal-Ugarte1, Verónica Judith Picos-Cárdenas3

  1. Doctor(a) en Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Tamaulipas, México.
  2. Estudiante de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Tamaulipas, México.
  3. Doctora en Genética Humana, Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Núcleo Académico Básico del Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Sinaloa, México.

*Autor de correspondencia: Dr. Juan Pablo Meza-Espinoza PhD,
Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros,
Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Tamps., C. P. 87,349, México.
Phone and Fax: 868 204 4000. e-mail: sirol1073@yahoo.com.mx

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v13.n4.010

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 29 de enero 2023, aceptado 04 de mayo 2023

RESUMEN
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo que se caracteriza por bradicinesia, temblor de reposo, rigidez, inestabilidad postural y alteraciones del sueño. Este trastorno afecta a más de 6 millones de personas alrededor del mundo; es más frecuente en varones y se presenta aproximadamente en el 3% de las personas mayores de 65 años. En México, para el año 2023 se estimó una tasa de aproximadamente 15 casos por cada 100,000 habitantes. La EP es de etiología multifactorial; entre los factores asociados con su desarrollo se encuentran traumatismos craneoencefálicos, exposición a pesticidas y metales pesados, así como diversos genes. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en conocer los genes y sus variantes que han sido relacionadas con la EP en población mexicana, para lo cual se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos de estudios de casos y controles que evaluaran dicha asociación. Se encontraron 12 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Entre todos, analizaron 32 variantes, localizadas en 17 genes. De estas, 12 variantes, distribuidas en cinco genes, mostraron asociación significativa con la enfermedad. Los genes implicados son LRRK2, MTHFR, NR4A2, SNCA y SYT11, mismos que también han sido asociados con la EP en otras poblaciones. Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Parkinson, Variantes genéticas, Asociación.

ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and sleep disturbances. It affects more than 6 million people worldwide; it is more common in men and occurs in approximately 3% of people over the age of 65. In Mexico, the incidence is estimated to be approximately 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants by 2023. PD has a multifactorial etiology; factors associated with its development include cranioencephalic trauma, exposure to pesticides and heavy metals, and various genes. The aim of this research was to know the genes and their variants associated with PD in the Mexican population, for which a systematic review of articles from case-control studies evaluating this association was performed. Twelve articles were found that met the selection criteria. A total of 32 variants, located in 17 genes, were analyzed. Of these, 12 variants, distributed in five genes, showed a significant association with the disease. The genes involved are LRRK2, MTHFR, NR4A2, SNCA, and SYT11, which are also associated with PD in other populations.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Genetic variants, Association.

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