Rev Med UAS
Vol. 13: No. 4. Octubre-Diciembre 2023
ISSN 2007-8013

El papel de la microbiota en el desarrollo neurológico de prematuros

Microbiota role in the neurodevelopment of premature infants

Francisco Josué Fernández-Becerra1, Lizbeth Miranda-García2, Paulina Briseño-Sahagun3,* .

  1. Fernández-Becerra, Francisco Josué. Médico. Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Ensenada, Baja California.
  2. Miranda-García, Lizbeth. Médico. Facultad de Medicina Mexicali. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Mexicali, Baja California.
  3. Briseño-Sahagun, Paulina. Facultad de Medicina Mexicali. Médico Pediatra, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Mexicali, Baja California.

*Autor de correspondencia: Paulina Briseño Sahagun.
Facultad de Medicina Mexicali. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000. Mexicali, Baja California, México.
Phone: +52 686 557-1622 ext. 45362. E-mail: paulina.briseo@uabc.edu.mx

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v13.n4.011

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 24 de enero 2023, aceptado 29 de abril 2023

RESUMEN
El nacimiento prematuro hoy en día sigue siendo un problema frecuente en los hospitales por el mayor riesgo de morbi-mortalidad ante la inmadurez de órganos y sistemas. Estos niños están expuestos a agravantes ambientales que pueden afectar su crecimiento y desarrollo. La microbiota participa tanto directa como indirectamente en la maduración y protección del sistema nervioso central. Mientras más factores adversos se encuentren presentes en los primeros 1000 días de vida, se podría comprometer el establecimiento y maduración de una microbiota sana (eubiosis). Cuando ocurre una alteración (disbiosis) se ha observado una correlación importante con diversos trastornos neurológicos. Esta revisión se enfoca en los factores que precipitan estas alteraciones, los mecanismos que podrían explicar el mayor riesgo neurológico y las principales patologías asociadas en la infancia, para poder ofrecer acciones de prevención y tratamiento oportuno.
Palabras clave: recién nacido prematuro, microbiota, eje cerebro-intestino, trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

ABSTRACT
Premature birth continues to be a common problem in hospitals because of the increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to the immaturity of organs and systems. These children are exposed to environmental aggravations that can affect their growth and development. The microbiota participates both directly and indirectly in the maturation and protection of the central nervous system. The more adverse factors that are present in the first 1000 days of life, the more the establishment and maturation of the health microbiota (eubiosis) may be compromised. When an alteration (dysbiosis) occurs, a significant correlation with various neurological disorders has been observed. This review focuses on the factors that precipitate these alterations, the mechanisms that could be explain an increased neurological risk, and the main associated pathologies in infancy, to offer preventive action and opportune treatment.
Keywords: Infant, Premature, Microbiota, Brain-Gut Axis, Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Referencias

  1. Suarez-M C, Santaella-P M, Yague-G G, Martinez-G C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1236254.
  2. Gars A, Ronczkowski NM, Chassaing B, Castillo-Ruiz A, Forger NG. First Encounters: Effects of the Microbiota on Neonatal Brain Development. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021;15:682505.
  3. Lacorte E, Gervasi G, Bacigalupo I, Vanacore N, Raucci U, Parisi P. A Systematic Review of the Microbiome in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurol. 2019;10:727.
  4. Daliry A, Pereira E. Role of Maternal Microbiota and Nutrition in Early-Life Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients. 2021;13(10).
  5. Chernikova MA, Flores GD, Kilroy E, Labus JS, Mayer EA, Aziz-Zadeh L. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients. 2021;13(12).
  6. Cuna A, Morowitz MJ, Ahmed I, Umar S, Sampath V. Dynamics of the preterm gut microbiome in health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;320(4):G411-G9.
  7. Laue HE, Coker MO, Madan JC. The Developing Microbiome From Birth to 3 Years: The Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:815885.
  8. Raspini B, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, et al. Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring's microbiome in the first 1000 days: study protocol and preliminary results at one month of life. Ital J Pediatr. 2020;46(1):45.
  9. Lu J, Claud EC. Connection between gut microbiome and brain development in preterm infants. Dev Psychobiol. 2019;61(5):739-51.
  10. Ronan V, Yeasin R, Claud EC. Childhood Development and the Microbiome-The Intestinal Microbiota in Maintenance of Health and Development of Disease During Childhood Development. Gastroenterol. 2021;160(2):495-506.
  11. Jia Q, Yu X, Chang Y, You Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, et al. Dynamic Changes of the Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants With Different Gestational Age. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:923273.
  12. Sadeghpour Heravi F, Hu H. Bifidobacterium: Host-Microbiome Interaction and Mechanism of Action in Preventing Common Gut-Microbiota-Associated Complications in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2023;15(3).
  13. Casirati A, Somaschini A, Perrone M, Vandoni G, Sebastiani F, Montagna E, et al. Preterm birth and metabolic implications on later life: A narrative review focused on body composition. Front Nutr. 2022;9:978271.
  14. Zhuang L, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhuang J, Li Q, Feng Z. Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2019;17(1):13-25.
  15. Moore RE, Townsend SD. Temporal development of the infant gut microbiome. Open Biol. 2019;9(9):190128.
  16. Enav H, Backhed F, Ley RE. The developing infant gut microbiome: A strain-level view. Cell Host Microbe. 2022;30(5):627-38.
  17. Raspini B, Vacca M, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Calabrese FM, Chieppa M, et al. Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:590202.
  18. Davis EC, Dinsmoor AM, Wang M, Donovan SM. Microbiome Composition in Pediatric Populations from Birth to Adolescence: Impact of Diet and Prebiotic and Probiotic Interventions. Dig Dis Sci. 2020;65(3):706-22.
  19. Yao Y, Cai X, Ye Y, Wang F, Chen F, Zheng C. The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood. Front Immunol. 2021;12:708472.
  20. Anadure RK, Shankar S, Prasad AS. The gut-brain axis. Medicine Update: Association of Physicians India; 2019.
  21. Checa-Ros A, Jerez-Calero A, Molina-Carballo A, Campoy C, Munoz-Hoyos A. Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Nutrients. 2021;13(1).
  22. Xu H, Xu Z, Long S, Li Z, Jiang J, Zhou Q, et al. The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in cerebrovascular diseases. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1097148.
  23. Alharthi A, Alhazmi S, Alburae N, Bahieldin A. The Human Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3).
  24. Gwak MG, Chang SY. Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors. Immune Netw. 2021;21(3):e20.
  25. Farooq RK, Alamoudi W, Alhibshi A, Rehman S, Sharma AR, Abdulla FA. Varied Composition and Underlying Mechanisms of Gut Microbiome in Neuroinflammation. Microorganisms. 2022;10(4).
  26. Gershon MD, Margolis KG. The gut, its microbiome, and the brain: connections and communications. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(18).
  27. Wang J, Zhang H, He J, Xiong X. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol. 2022;13:845243.
  28. Tamana SK, Tun HM, Konya T, Chari RS, Field CJ, Guttman DS, et al. Bacteroides-dominant gut microbiome of late infancy is associated with enhanced neurodevelopment. Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1-17.
  29. Lu J, Lu L, Yu Y, Cluette-Brown J, Martin CR, Claud EC. Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Brain Development in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5443.
  30. Doroszkiewicz J, Groblewska M, Mroczko B. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(18).
  31. Vijay A, Valdes AM. Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022;76(4):489-501.
  32. Nandwana V, Nandwana NK, Das Y, Saito M, Panda T, Das S, et al. The Role of Microbiome in Brain Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules. 2022;27(11).
  33. Warner BB. The contribution of the gut microbiome to neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pediatric research. 2019;85(2):216-24.
  34. Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Liu CQ, Chen Y, Qijie L, et al. The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorder. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1225875.
  35. Bicknell B, Liebert A, Borody T, Herkes G, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11).
  36. Dash S, Syed YA, Khan MR. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:880544.
  37. Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):267.
  38. Mancini VO, Brook J, Hernandez C, Strickland D, Christophersen CT, D'Vaz N, et al. Associations between the human immune system and gut microbiome with neurodevelopment in the first 5 years of life: A systematic scoping review. Dev Psychobiol. 2023;65(2):e22360.
  39. Cerdó T, Diéguez E, Campoy C. Impact of gut microbiota on neurogenesis and neurological diseases during infancy. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 2020;50:33-7.
  40. Park J, Kim CH. Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites. Exp Mol Med. 2021;53(12):1821-33.
  41. Socala K, Doboszewska U, Szopa A, Serefko A, Wlodarczyk M, Zielinska A, et al. The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res. 2021;172:105840.