Rev Med UAS
Vol. 13: No. 2. Abril-Junio 2023
ISSN 2007-8013

Asociación de factores sociodemográficos y clínicos con trastornos de la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

Anahí Vega-López1*, Ángel Salomón Nájera-Ruiz2, Edgar Alejandro Vega-Monsivais3, Josué Elí Villegas-Domínguez4, Félix Guillermo Márquez-Celedonio5

  1. TTE. FGTA. SSN. MC. Hospital Naval de Especialidades de Veracruz, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México,
  2. TTE. FGTA. SSN. MC. EMF. Hospital Naval de Especialidades de Veracruz, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México,
  3. TTE. NAV. SSN. MCN. EMF. Hospital Naval de Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México,
  4. Maestría en Investigación clínica. Facultad de Medicina “Dr. Porfirio Sosa Zárate”, Universidad del Valle de México campus Veracruz,
  5. Maestría en investigación clínica, médico familiar. Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México campus Veracruz

*Autor de correspondencia: Dra. Anahí Vega-López
Dirección: Mazatlán No. 509 Col. Playa Linda, CP. 91810 Veracruz, Ver.
Correo electrónico: vegalopezanahi@hotmail.com

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v13.n2.003

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 16 de diciembre 2022, aceptado 31 de mayo 2023

RESUMEN
Objetivo. Determinar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos y clínicos con trastornos de salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. --- Metodología. Encuesta transversal analítica mediante aplicación de cuestionario de factores sociodemográficos y clínico y el instrumento DESS-21 en población derechohabiente de la Secretaría de Marina Armada de México durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en el año 2022. Análisis estadístico con Chi cuadrada, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, estimación de razón de momios e intervalos de confianza de 95%. --- Resultados. Se incluyeron 339 individuos con edad de 37.3 ± 2.7 años, 172 (50.7%) femeninos. Prevalencia de trastornos de salud mental fue 35.7%, tuvieron estrés 240 (29.2%), ansiedad 88 (26.0%) y depresión 83 (24.5%). Razón de momios e IC95% 0.62 (0.39-097) en trabajadores de la salud; solteros 1.96 (1.22-3.12); desempleados 2.7 (1.58-4.59); con soledad 6.7 (4.07-10.9); autopercepción de salud buena 0.26 (0.09-0.78); temor de enfermarse 2.5 (1.56-3.98); pérdida familiar por COVID-19 4.85 (2.81-8.4); padecer COVID-19 3.22 (1.87-5.54); familiar con COVID-19 2.8 (1.19-6.56); alcoholismo 2.1 (1.33-3.29) y consumo de ansiolíticos 5.6 (1.96-15.9). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de trastornos de la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fue de 35.7%; soltero o no unido; sentimientos de soledad, antecedentes personales de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, antecedentes de alcoholismo y consumo de ansiolíticos, así como haber enfermado o un familiar y haber tenido pérdidas familiares por COVID-19 se asociaron como factores de riesgos mientras ser trabajador de la salud fue un factor de protección.
Palabras claves. Salud mental, COVID-19, factores sociodemográficos, factores clínicos.

ABSTRACT
Objective. To determine the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. --- Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional survey through the application of a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical factors and the DESS-21 instrument in the beneficiary population of the Mexican Navy Secretariat during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Statistical analysis with Chi-square, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, estimation of odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results. We included 339 individuals aged 37.3 ± 2.7 years, 172 (50.7%) females. Prevalence of mental health disorders was 35.7%, 240 (29.2%), 88 anxiety (26.0%) and 83 depression (24.5%). Odds ratio and 95% CI 0.62 (0.39-097) in health workers; singles 1.96 (1.22-3.12); unemployed 2.7 (1.58-4.59); with Soledad 6.7 (4.07-10.9); self-perception of good health 0.26 (0.09-0.78); fear of getting sick 2.5 (1.56-3.98); family loss from COVID-19 4.85 (2.81-8.4); having COVID-19 3.22 (1.87-5.54); family with COVID-19 2.8 (1.19-6.56); alcoholism 2.1 (1.33-3.29) and use of anxiolytics 5.6 (1.96-15.9) --- Conclusions. The prevalence of mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic was 35.7%; single or unjoined; feelings of loneliness, personal history of stress, anxiety and depression, history of alcoholism and use of anxiolytics, as well as having fallen ill or a family member and having had family losses from COVID-19 were associated as risk factors while being a health worker was a protective factor.
Keywords. Mental health, COVID-19, sociodemographic factors, clinical factors.

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