Rev Med UAS
Vol. 12: No. 3. Julio-Septiembre 2022
ISSN 2007-8013

Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en adultos mayores con arritmias cardíacas

Variability of heat rate in elderly with cardiac arrhythmias

Manlio F. Lara-Duck1,2*, Juan Rosales-Martínez2, Antonio Gutiérrez-Sierra1, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez1,3

  1. Escuela de Medicina, Universidad México Americana del Norte AC, Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
  2. Clínica del Corazón, Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
  3. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria. Reynosa-Rhode. Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México

* Correspondencia: Manlio F. Lara-Duck
C. Primera s/n, Col. el Círculo, 88640 Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México.
Correo electrónico: manlioflaraduck1997@gmail.com.

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v12.n3.004

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 28 de febrero 2021, aceptado 15 de abril 2022

RESUMEN
Objetivo: La prevalencia de arritmias cardiacas (AC) en pacientes mayores se incrementa por los cambios anatómicos cardíacos y vasculares, así como sus comorbilidades. Se compararon las variables del monitoreo HOLTER-24 en pacientes mayores con AC en Reynosa, México. --- Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional, retrospectivo; incluyó 56 pacientes (33 mujeres, 23 hombres) con edad promedio de 83 años. Se identificaron por electrocardiografía 42 tipos de AC y se generó la información HOLTER-24 con base en género; tipo y número de arritmias. --- Resultados: Se identificaron 30 tipos de AC que se clasificaron en sinusales; bloqueos auriculo-ventriculares; bloqueos de rama; supraventriculares; ventriculares; sinusal-ventricular; otras (12 tipos) y sin arritmias. AC sinusales fueron las más frecuentes (13%) y, en mujeres las sinusales, supraventriculares y ventriculares (30%). La mayoría (83%) de los pacientes mostró una o dos AC. Ni el género ni la edad afectaron (p<0,05) tipo o número de AC. Pacientes con bloqueos de rama o auriculo-ventricular mostraron mayores LTVN (p<0,05). Los mayores promedios de PBV; LTV; LA, LTS, PERS, SDNN, LF; y BIGS se observaron en pacientes con una, dos, tres o cuatro AC, respectivamente y los menores promedios (excepto SDNN y LF) se presentaron en pacientes SA. Hubo asociaciones negativas (p<0,05) entre tipo de AC con PBV y TAQV y positivas (p<0,05) entre AC totales y LAHR, LTS, PERS, BIGS y CV. --- Conclusiones: Se detectaron 42 tipos de AC; la sinusal fue la más frecuente. El número de AC influenció en mayor medida las variables HOLTER-24.
Palabras clave: Ancianos, corazón, electrocardiografía.

SUMMARY
Objective: The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias (CA) in older patients increases due to cardiac and vascular anatomical changes as well as their comorbidities. HOLTER-24 monitoring variables were compared in older patients with AC in Reynosa, Mexico. --- Material and methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study; included 56 patients (33 women, 23 men) with a mean age of 83 years. 42 types of CA were identified by electrocardiography and HOLTER-24 information was generated based on gender; type and number of arrhythmias. --- Results: 30 types of CA were identified that were classified as sinus; atrio-ventricular blocks; branch blocks; supraventricular; ventricular; sinus-ventricular; others (12 types) and without arrhythmias. Sinus CA were the most frequent (13%) and, in women, sinus, supraventricular and ventricular (30%). The majority (83%) of the patients showed one or two CAs. Neither gender nor age affected (p <0.05) type or number of CAs. Patients with bundle branch or atrioventricular blocks showed higher LTVN (p <0.05). The highest PBV averages; LTV; LA, LTS, PERS, SDNN, LF; and BIGS were observed in patients with one, two, three or four ACs, respectively, and the lowest means (except SDNN and LF) were present in SA patients. There were negative associations (p <0.05) between type of CA with PBV and TAQV and positive (p <0.05) between total CA and LAHR, LTS, PERS, BIGS and CV. --- Conclusions: 42 types of CA were detected; sinus was the most frequent. The number of ACs influenced the HOLTER-24 variables to a greater extent.
Keywords: Aged, heart, electrocardiography.

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