Rev Med UAS
Vol. 12: No. 2. Abril-Junio 2022
ISSN 2007-8013

Is It Time to Encourage Celiac Disease Assessment in Colombia? Results of an Epidemiological Survey

¿Es tiempo de incentivar el diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca en Colombia? Resultados de una Encuesta Epidemiológica

Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido1,2, MSc; Feliznando Isidro Cárdenas-Torres2, PhD; Francisco Cabrera-Chávez2, PhD; Jhonatan González-Santamaría2,3, PhD; Jesús Gilberto Arámburo-Gálvez1,2, MSc; Verónica López-Teros1, PhD; Humberto Astiazaran-García4, PhD; Noé Ontiveros5* , PhD.

  1. Posgrado en Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México.
  2. Posgrado en Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos Medicinales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
  3. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia.
  4. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México.
  5. División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos e Investigación (LACIUS, URS), Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa, Sonora, México.

* Corresponding Author: Noé Ontiveros Apodaca.
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río No.100, Francisco Villa, Navojoa, 85880 Navojoa
Email address: noe.ontiveros@unison.mx

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v12.n2.004

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 15 de febrero 2022, aceptado 05 de marzo 2022

RESUMEN
Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia por auto-reporte de trastornos relacionados al consumo de gluten (TRG) y adherencia a una dieta libre de gluten (DLG) en una población colombiana y caracterizar a aquellos que siguen una DLG, evitan o incluyen el gluten en la dieta. --- Material y Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta en línea utilizando un cuestionario validado y adaptado culturalmente. --- Resultados: Considerando 850 respuestas válidas (52.2%), las tasas de prevalencia fueron/IC 95%: reacciones adversas recurrentes al trigo/gluten (RAR-T/G) 9.29%/7.52-11.43, alergia al trigo 0.47%/0,18-1.20, sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca (NCGS) 2,35%/1,52-3,60 y adherencia a la DLG 6.94%/5.41-8,85. No se encontraron casos de enfermedad celíaca (EC). Los diagnósticos de TRG se basaron en los síntomas (85.71%). Entre 79 casos de RAR-W/G o 100 de síndrome de intestino irritable (SII), solo 8/79 y 5/100 tenían diagnóstico médico de NCGS, pero pruebas celíacas fueron informadas por solo un caso. La DLG fue instruida en algunos casos por un profesional de la salud (49.15%). El control de peso (74.42%) y la percepción de que una DLG promueve la salud (46.51%) fueron las motivaciones para apegarse a la DLG. --- Conclusiones: Existe un subdiagnóstico potencial de EC en Colombia, incluso, la mayoría de los que tienen diagnóstico médico de SII y RAR-T/G no han sido evaluados para EC. Similarmente, los diagnósticos médicos de NCGS raramente incluyen pruebas celíacas, lo que genera dudas sobre el diagnóstico y el seguimiento del paciente. Finalmente, se debe informar a la población colombiana sobre los riesgos/beneficios de seguir una DLG sin asesoría profesional.
Palabras Clave: Gluten, NCGS, Enfermedad Celíaca.

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To estimate the self-reported prevalence of gluten-related disorders (GRDs) and adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a Colombian population and to obtain the characteristics of GFD followers, gluten avoiders, and non-avoiders. --- Material and Methods: A survey was conducted using a culturally adapted and validated questionnaire. --- Results: Considering 850 valid responses (52.12%), the prevalence rates were/95% CI: Recurrent adverse reactions to wheat/gluten (RAR-W/G) 9.29%/7.52-11.43, wheat allergy 0.47%/0.18-1.20, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) 2.35%/1.52-3.60, and GFD adherence 6.94%/5.41-8.85. No celiac disease (CD) cases were found. Most GRDs diagnoses were symptom-based (85.71%). Among 79 RAR-W/G or 100 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cases, only 8/79 and 5/100 had a physician diagnosis of NCGS, but celiac tests were informed by only one case. Health professionals were instructing the GFD in 49.15% of the GFD cases. GFD adherence motivations included weight control (74.42%) and the perception that a GFD promotes health (46.51%). --- Conclusions: There is a potential subdiagnosis of CD in Colombia, and even the majority of those with a physician diagnosis of IBS and RAR-W/G do not have undergone CD assessment. Similarly, physician-diagnosed NCGS cases rarely undergo celiac tests, raising questions about the optimal patient’s diagnosis and follow-up. Finally, the Colombian population should be informed about the risks/benefits of following a GFD without professional counseling.
Keywords: Gluten, NCGS, Celiac Disease.

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