Rev Med UAS
Vol. 12: No. 1. Enero-Marzo 2022
ISSN 2007-8013

Cofactores Ambientales Asociados al Desarrollo de Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cer-vical y Cáncer Cervicouterino

Environmental Cofactors Associated with the Development of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer

Medina-de la Cruz Omar1,2, Villegas-Hinojosa Edgar1, Ruíz-Baca Estela3, Gallegos-García Verónica1*

  1. Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
  2. Hospital General de Zona No. 50. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango

*Autor de correspondencia: Gallegos-García Verónica
Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
Dirección: Av. Niño Artillero No. 130. Zona Universitaria. C.P. 78240. veronica.gallegos@uaslp.mx

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v12.n1.008

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 30 de marzo 2021, aceptado 28 de julio 2021

RESUMEN
El Cáncer Cervicouterino (CaCu) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y en México. Esta enfermedad requiere de la presencia del Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) para su progreso a Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cervical (NIC), pero además de otros cofactores. Entre estos se han propuesto los cofactores ambientales o exógenos, los de tipo viral, del huésped o intrínsecos y los de tipo social. Esta revisión aborda los de tipo ambiental, entre ellos están: el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales, hábito tabáquico, exposición al humo de biomasa, la dieta, trauma cervical, Inicio de Vida sexual a Edad Temprana (IVSET), múltiples parejas sexuales, coinfección con otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, no utilización del preservativo y la circuncisión de la pareja. Los cofactores modulan el progreso de los distintos grados de NIC a CaCu, por ello es importantes conocerlos y analizar de qué manera influyen en la aparición esta patología.
Palabras Clave: Virus del Papiloma Humano, Cáncer Cervicouterino, Cofactores ambientales

ABSTRACT
Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and in Mexico. This disease requires the presence of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for its progress to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), but in addition to other co-factors. Among these, environmental or exogenous cofactors, those of the viral, host or intrinsic and those of the social type have been pro-posed. This review addresses those of an environmental nature, among them are: the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, smoking, exposure to biomass smoke, diet, cervical trauma, Early Sexual Life Onset (IVSET), multiple sexual partners, co-infection with other sexually transmitted diseases, non-use of condoms and circumcision of the couple. The co-factors modulate the progress of the differ-ent grades of CIN to CC, therefore it is important to know them and analyze how the influence the appearance of this pathology.
Keywords: Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Cancer, Environmental Co-factors.

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