Rev Med UAS
Vol. 11: No. 4. Octubre-Diciembre 2021
ISSN 2007-8013

Factores asociados con el desarrollo de delirium en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina interna.

Factors associated with the development of delirium in patients of hospitalized adults in the internal medicine service.

Espericueta-Gámez Karen1,*, Kawano-Soto Carlos Alberto1,2, Dehesa-López Edgar1,3, Peraza-Garay Felipe de Jesus4

  1. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud-Hospital Civil de Culiacán.
  2. Coordinación de Posgrado, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud
  3. Coordinación de Investigación, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud
  4. Jefatura del Departamento de Estadística, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud.

*Autor de correspondencia:Dra. Karen Espericueta Gámez
Eustaquio Buelna #91, Colonia Gabriel Leyva CP 80030, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
Teléfono 68 71 53 42 18 Correo: karen.esper.gam@hotmail.com

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v11.n4.005

Texto Completo PDF

Recibido 24 de mayo 2021, aceptado 12 de agosto 2021

RESUMEN
Introducción: Nuestra población está envejeciendo, y cada vez es más frecuente que el motivo de consulta sea derivado de un síndrome geriátrico como delirium. Es importante su detección temprana, porque impacta en pronóstico y calidad de vida del paciente geriátrico. --- Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados con desarrollo de delirium en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados. --- Metodología: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal y analítico que incluyó 195 pacientes adultos de 60 años y más, hospitalizados en pabellones de Medicina Interna del Hospital Civil de Culiacán entre febrero y octubre de 2018.  Se aplicó un cuestionario al ingreso y nuevamente en dos o más ocasiones hasta el egreso. Los datos fueron codificados y analizados para determinar asociación de riesgo en el programa SPSS versión 22. --- Resultados: El desarrollo de delirium se asoció con factores como polifarmacia, uso crónico de fármacos, trastornos como ansiedad o depresión, enfermedad vascular cerebral crónica y aguda, hemorragia intracerebral e hiponatremia. --- Discusión: En comparación con estadística nacional e internacional, nuestra incidencia es similar, nuestra población se caracterizó por tener múltiples comorbilidades, y se identificaron los factores más fuertemente asociados. --- Conclusiones: El delirium posee alta penetrancia en población hospitalizada, sobre todo en aquellos que poseen múltiples factores que aumentan el riesgo, por lo que la detección de éstos desde su ingreso y el inicio temprano de medidas preventivas disminuirán los desenlaces adversos con los que se ha relacionado.
Palabras claves: Delirium, adulto mayor hospitalizado, factores de riesgo.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Our population is aging, and it is increasingly common that the reason for consultation is derived from a geriatric syndrome such as delirium. Its early detection is important, because it impacts the prognosis and quality of life of the geriatric patient. --- Objective: To determine factors associated with the development of elderly patients who are hospitalized older adults. --- Methodology: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study that included 195 adult patients aged 60 years and over, hospitalized in the Internal Medicine ward of the Civil Hospital of Culiacán between February and October 2018. A questionnaire was applied upon admission and again in two or more occasions until the exit. The data were coded and analyzed to determine the risk association in the SPSS version 22 program. --- Results: The development of delirium was associated with factors such as polypharmacy, chronic use of drugs, disorders such as anxiety or depression, chronic and acute cerebral vascular disease, intracerebral hemorrhage and hyponatremia. --- Discussion: In comparison with national and international statistics, our incidence is similar, our population was characterized by having multiple comorbidities, and the most strongly associated factors were identified. --- Conclusions: Delirium has high penetrance in hospitalized population, especially in those that have multiple factors that increase the risk, so the detection of these from their admission and the early start of preventive measures will decrease the adverse outcomes with which they have related.
Key words: Delirium, hospitalized older adult, risk factors.

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